Case Question - 2051 Words

Warren E. Buffett, 2005 Case Questions: 1. What is the possible meaning of the changes in stock price for Berkshire Hathaway and Scottish Power plc on the day of the acquisition announcement? Specifically, what does the $2.17-billion gain in Berkshire’s market value of equity imply about the intrinsic value of PacifiCorp? Based on the multiples for comparable regulated utilities, what is the range of possible values for PacifiCorp? What questions might you have about this range? Assess the bid for PacifiCorp. How does it compare with the firm’s intrinsic value? As an alternative, the instructor could suggest that students perform a simple discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. How well has Berkshire Hathaway performed? How well has it†¦show more content†¦3. What is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and why is it important to estimate it? Is the cost of capital something that managers set? Who sets it? 4. Calculate the WACCs for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. A ssume a tax rate of 35 percent. Be prepared to explain your assumptions for the following components: a. b. c. d. e. f. 5. 6. 7. Kd Ke Rf Beta Market risk premium Weights of debt and equity capital Interpret the results of your WACC calculations. What observations can you make? Calculate EVA for 2001 to 2003 using the forecasts given in the case and the WACCs you have estimated. Interpret the results of your EVA calculation. If you had to choose between Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo, which one would you choose? Why? The Boeing 7E7 Case Questions: 1. What is an appropriate required rate of return against which to evaluate the prospective IRRs from the Boeing 7E7? a. Please use the capital asset pricing model to estimate the cost of equity. At the date of the case, the 74year equity market risk premium (EMRP) was estimated to be ___. Which beta and risk-free rate did you use? Why? When you used the capital asset pricing model, which risk-premium and risk-free rate did you use? Why? Which capital-structure weights did you use? Why? b. c. 2. Judged against your WACC, how attractive is the Boeing 7E7 project? a. b. Under what circumstances is the project economically attractive? What does sensitivity analysis (your own and/or that shown inShow MoreRelatedCase Study Questions1940 Words   |  8 Pagesfor AGI? Why or why not? b. Review the projections by Liedtke. Are they appropriate? How would you recommend modifying them? c. Estimate the value of Mercury using a discounted cash flow approach and Liedtke’s base case projections. c. Do you regard the value you obtained as conservative or aggressive? Why? e. How would you analyze possible synergies or other sources of value not reflected in Liedtke’s base assumption? a. Is Mercury an appropriate targetRead MoreQuestion case study Essay681 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ List questions Case Studies Bella Healthcare India 2012, HBS #4441 STRAT MAGT – Internationalization; product development; â€Å"local for local† strategy UD: 12/12/2012 Overview and Objectives: The case traces the path taken by an overseas operation from low cost manufacturing to higher value-added activities such as RD. It asks students to consider the factors driving the evolution and this timing and circumstances that would make it successful. It creates the opportunity toRead MoreCase study discussion questions1663 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Case Study Discussion Questions for Case Studies in Entrepreneurial Management and Finance Professor Edward H. Chow Spring 2013 1. (2/20) Introduction and get acquainted: Entrepreneurship and finance Lecture and discussion: A perspective on Entrepreneurship, Howard H. Stevenson, 1988 (9-384-131) How is finance related to corporate objectives? Note on the financial perspective: What should entrepreneurs know? William A. Sahlman, Harvard Business Publishing (9-293-045) In your view, whatRead MoreCases Questions1421 Words   |  6 PagesFIN 620, Fall 2006 CASE QUESTIONS DR. KISS Please allow these questions to serve as a guide when you prepare your case write-up in accordance with the syllabus or other instructions. Table of Contents Page Case: Name and Number, Bruner 5e Note Number I. C12- Best Practices—WACC No Questions II. C2- Bill Miller Value Trust 2 III. C5- Financial Detective, 2005 Contained in Case IV. C7- Body Shop Intl* Contained in Case, but see page 3 Read MoreCase Questions1691 Words   |  7 PagesCASE QUESTIONS Cash Flows and Value. Cost of Capital Case 1: Hop-In Food Stores, Inc. 1. Determine the correct price for this particular IPO. Use several methods to do this and compare them. 2. What extra information would you try to acquire in a real life situation? Case 2: Chem-Cal Corporation 1. How do you calculate the WACC for this firm? 2. What is the cost of capital of the debt, preferred stock, and common stock (assume the equity beta is 1.22)? 3. Calculate the WACC. How can a WACC be usedRead MoreCase Question1230 Words   |  5 PagesThis is an outline of the three-step writing process to apply to cases. Answer all questions directly on this form. Then add a page break, and write your message in response to the case on the following page. For the three-step process questions, you may use short phrases and sentences for your answers. Student name? Javier Pita Case number and short name for case? Case number 12. Short name: Email privacy policy. I. Plan A. Analyze the Situation 1. What is your generalRead MoreCase Question2035 Words   |  9 PagesWarren E. Buffett, 2005 Case Questions: 1. What is the possible meaning of the changes in stock price for Berkshire Hathaway and Scottish Power plc on the day of the acquisition announcement? Specifically, what does the $2.17-billion gain in Berkshire’s market value of equity imply about the intrinsic value of PacifiCorp? Based on the multiples for comparable regulated utilities, what is the range of possible values for PacifiCorp? What questions might you have about this range? Assess the bid forRead MoreCase Questions1966 Words   |  8 PagesManagement Strategy Case Questions Case 5: Panera Bread Company 1. What is Panera Bread’s strategy? Which of the four generic competitive strategies discussed in Chapter 3 most closely fit the competitive approach that Panera Bread is taking? What specific kind of competitive advantage is Panera bread trying to achieve? 2. What does a SWOT analysis of Panera Bread reveal about the overall attractiveness of its situation? Does the company have any core competencies or distinctive competenciesRead MoreCase Study Questions1276 Words   |  6 PagesBUSINESS POLICY SPRING TERM 2012 BUS 450 Questions for the Next Several Cases Friday, February 24 Case: Competition among NA Warehouse Clubs (case 4 in text) 1. What is competition like in the North American wholesale club industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest and why? Use the information in Figures 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8 (and the related chapter discussions on pp. 57-70) to do a complete five-forces analysis of competition in the North AmericanRead MoreCase questions Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Principles of Corporate Finance Comprehensive Case Questions Tire City, Inc. 1. Evaluate Tire City’s financial health. How well is the company performing? 2. Based on Mr. Martin’s prediction for 1996 sales of $28,206,000, and for 1997 sales of $33,847,000 and relying on the other assumptions provided in the Tire City case, prepare complete pro forma forecasts of TCI’s 1996 and 1997 income statements and year-end balance sheets. As a preliminary assumption, assume any new financing required will

Milton s Paradise Lost The Fall Of Humanity And The...

Milton’s Paradise Lost is reviewing the fall of humanity and the story behind each particular and important character, like Satan, the arc-and the fallen angels, but most importantly Milton shows the story from Adam’s and Eve’s point of view. Their characters and personality not only grow but develop so much between their ordinary lives and the fall. Adam and Eve coexisted in harmony in Eden before the fall, lived in harmony and love, sharing a wonderful experience of immortality and infinite opportunities to explore. However, throughout the book they became more distant, they fallen apart from each other. The first signs of alienation could be seen on Eve, she wanted to have her on experiences, and explore on her own. Adam first wasn’t approving Eve’s behavior, he saw her silly. Although Adam was angry with her sometimes, he loved her very much, especially until the very end, he wouldn’t let her fall alone, and their love was stronger than any other bond, so he took the blame too. Adam was the first of his kind, the father of all. God made him different, he created a special person, with free will. He prefigures the human race, representing the perfect male form. However, Adam was not completely happy, he felt something is missing from his life, thus God rewards Adam with Eve, to solve his unhappiness. Due to Adam’s and God’s relationship compared to Eve’s and Gods relationship, Adam and Eve are not equal partners, Eve must had to submit to Adam, but Adam only to God. EveShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies, By John Milton Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesWhile reading the epic, Paradise Lost, by John Milton, something came to my mind: Lord of the Flies. There were similarities between these two readings, almost like Lord of the Flies is a biblical allegory to Paradise Lost. I was discovering biblical allusions in the novel Lord of the Flies, something I didn’t discover when I read the novel three years ago, Many debates between critics have been made about Lord of the Flies being a biblical allegory due to its substantial amount of allusions to Judeo-ChristianRead MoreSatan Is Evil Or Evil?1330 Words   |  6 Pagesof religion as someone who brings evil and temptation. He is known as the deceiver who leads humanity astray, like he deceived Eve into eating the forbidden fruit. Some religious groups teach that he originated as an angel, or something like an angel, who used to possess great piety and beauty, but fell because of pride. He seduced humanity into the ways of falsehood and sin, and has power in the fallen world; in other groups, Satan, also called the devil, is described as a more malevolent entityRead MoreWho Can Blame The Poor Little Demon?1596 Words   |  7 Pagesand will not, he goes after God’s prized creations. Who can blame the poor little demon? Aren’t we accustomed to routing for the underdog? Milton gives Satan the gift of gab, intelligence and our viewpoint, which makes us see his point of view. Of all the poets who have introduced into their works the agency of supernatural beings, says McColley, Milton has succeeded best (McColley 71; emphasis added). Evidence for this can be seen as the action of the entire epic unfolds. In Book III, whenRead MoreFrankenstein And Frankenstein Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesscientists, and other professionals have tried to pin down the exact distinctions between these two types of upbringings. In literature, the same questions have been asked and studied using fictional characters, most famously in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, in 1667, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, in 1818. The complexity of the characters in these texts creates the theme of nature versus nurture before they diverge and arrive at differing conclusions. Many critics arose over the years to contestRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost985 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Milton’s Paradise Lost is a paradox of morality and character definitions. After reading multiple articles, the largest concerning topic was the hero status of an inherently evil character. The issue lies within defining what a hero is and is not in terms of epic poetry. John Milton’s refusal to clarify a hero shows this paradox he has created is a something that he meant to achieve. According to Mary Nyquist in The Father s Word/Satan s Wrath, â€Å"The text seems here not just to invite, butRead MoreDante’s Inferno in Milton ´s Paradise Lost1326 Words   |  6 Pagesin Milton’s Paradise Lost. While at first glance the two poems seem quite drastically different in their portrayal of Hell, but scholars have made arguments that influence from Dante shines through Milton’s work as well as arguments refuting these claims. All of these argu ments have their own merit and while there are instances where a Dantean influence can be seen throughout Paradise Lost, Milton’s progression of evil and Satan are quite different from Dante. Dante’s influence on Milton is noted byRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost1636 Words   |  7 Pagesto attain more information. This led to the rise of many questions and doubts about humanity, why we are here and what our purpose is. Throughout the seventeenth century there have been many pieces of fictional literature dedicated to answering the questions of the people in an a way that would make sense to the readers, but would also influence how the readers understood those topics. John Milton’s, Paradise Lost, is a series of twelve Books that tell the story of creation and the world’s first sinRead MoreSatan, Mephisto, Lucifer, And The Devil2058 Words   |  9 PagesWhat I have noticed is that as time goes on, the devil is used less as the essence of evil itsel f, like the in the bible, and more as the misunderstood son that disobeyed his father but is capable of good and not just evil. Paradise Lost was written in 1667 by John Milton. An English poet in the 17th Century who was faced with political, economic, and social tensions which were made worse by religious division, because those religious nuts believe their way is the only way and you are a supporterRead MoreGood Intentions And Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1834 Words   |  8 Pagesnoble intentions turning into horrible actions is the early 1800’s with the French revolution, radicalism in Europe, and the clash political beliefs. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein echoes with examples of great intentions becoming terrible actions. It is clear that Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein depicts how one’s noble intention can quickly become evil; this is evident through the exploration of her allusions to John Milton’s Paradise Lost, the actions of both Victor and the Monster, and John Locke’s theoryRead MorePolitics and The English Language: George Orwell ´s Literature3705 Words    |  15 Pages which is for writers to try to separate themselves from their own political agendas as much as possible when they write creatively by dictating â€Å"the position of the writer in an age of state control.† During the context of the essay, the late 1940’s, Orwell use of rhetoric characterises it as a â€Å"political age† where the plethora of â€Å"isms† orbit around the consensus of â€Å"what we daily think about, and therefore to a great extend what we write about, even when we do not name them openly.† The connotative

Statistical Literature Review and Critique of Empirical Article Free Essays

ARTICLE REVIEW AND CRITIQUE: â€Å"Efficiency of Brand Placement in an International Film- Effects of Exposure in a Local Context† Slim Khalbous and Merium Maazoul Journal of Creative Communications, Volume 5, Issue 1 (March 2010), p. 23-46 SYNOPSIS Product and brand placement arouses a particular interest at the announcers. However the massive use of brands in international programs incites us to wonder about the effect of the local socio-cultural context on the efficiency of this creative technique. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistical Literature Review and Critique of Empirical Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now This research presents, first an explanatory abstract frame of the influence of the local context variables and the variables of programming on the recall of the placement; and second an empirical validation realized in two phases. First of all, a qualitative analysis of contents by experts; then a quantitative study by experimentation realized with 150 individuals. The results show that, globally the effect of the local context on the memorization of the placement is direct and that the recall of the placed brands depends on attitudes towards the spoken language, on social interactions and some characteristics of the audience. KEYWORDS Brand placement, recall, programming, context, exposing language, social interactions The empirical application was done by showing a James Bond film that had several product placements in a part of North Africa called Tunisia; an area where a lot of international films are consumed. The study wanted to explore the â€Å"effect of the specific context related to the international film on the effectiveness of the placement in terms of memorization. In order to do this, the research had to go through three stages: (1) a state of the art, which generated some of the research propositions (2) a qualitative phase, to choose and analyze the international film, and (3) a quantitative phase, which would measure the impact of exposure in the effectiveness of placement in the film. Attitudes toward Language Effect Foreign language can improve the advertising effectiveness for a product because a foreign language attracts attention, creates a positive attitude, and is more memorable, which can be explained by Helfer’s theory of mbiguity. A study done by Khalbous and Maazaul in 2007 proved that the â€Å"attitude toward advertising is positive when the audience prefers watching the programs in French and commercials in Arabic. † Social interactions also play a huge role in product memorization and attitudes because people will remember what they were saying or doing with others while watching television or film. Individual Variables Effect Gender and the area of residence are two variables on the effectiveness of product placement. American, French, and Austrian men are more likely to accept a product seen in films than women according to studies. However, another study showed that women have more positive attitudes towards placement. â€Å"On the other hand, women would be emotionally more touched than men, by the stimuli which surrounds them, especially television programs to which they are exposed (Schwartz et al. 1980). † The area of residence is the other factor. The wealthier areas are more likely to be less favorable towards product placement because they are exposed to it more, and have become bored with the predictability of it. According to the study of Hall (2004), the percentage of consumers who said they would try a product if they saw it in a film is 53 percent in Mexico, 49 percent in Singapore, 35 percent in India, and only 26 percent in the USA and 8 percent in France. † The Effect of Specific Context Related to the Program The appreciation of an international film, and the intensi ty of the emotions generated by the film were the two aspects being studied in this area of research. Most of the interest was about the impact of the characteristics of the film and how they affect the audience’s cognitive reactions. Program Liking Effect Although there was no link found between the film’s likability and the memory of product placement in a study conducted in 1994 by Karrh, there was evidence of a link found in 2000. In that study, Blonde Roozen (2007) found evidence of people being more likely to remember a product placed in a film they liked. International Placement and Tunisian Local Context The empirical validation of the conceptual framework was conducted in two stages: the qualitative analysis to select and qualify the selected film (the visual content analysis by experts), and then (2) a quantitative study which determined the impact of the contextual variables on the effectiveness of the placement of products in the film (the experiment). Selection and Analysis of Placements in an International Film: Qualitative Stage Choice of International Film James Bond- Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) was the film chosen by a board of four experts for three reasons: it’s known for use of product placement, because the film was not created to pertain to a certain audience, and because the old exit date of the film eliminates short and medium term memorization. Quantitative Experimentation of the Selected Film The main focus was to test the effects of the exposure on the efficiency of placement, while controlling the external variables. Model and Hypothesis of Measurement In order to test the relationship between the variables, two things were necessary: firstly, to propose measurements of conceptual framework, and secondly, to form the hypothesis of research to be studied quantitatively. Measurement and Experimental Design The sample used in this study was composed of 150 undergraduate students whose average age ranged between 20 and 22 years old. In order to minimize sampling confound, the students were from different areas and levels of study, different income levels, and were from three different universities, each in different cities in the country. Type of Recalled Placements: Qualitative Analysis of Frequencies According to Table 2, the frequencies of recall of the product placements show that BMW stands out more than the others because it is the only audio-visual placement in the film. It was also repeated several times. Next is Ericsson, whose high scores are due to the familiarity of the brand to Tunisians. The scores may be high for Ericsson, but its rate of recall is low because of its very subtle placement in the film. According to Khalbous and Maazaul, â€Å"the qualitative analysis showed that the high scores of recall were obtained for the audio-visual placements, integrated in the scenario of film, where the brand is presented in a very visible way, accompanied by several integrated and prominent recalls of placement. These results agree results agree with the conclusions of Lehu’s study (2005), according to which the traditional criteria of the placement does not systematically guarantee the success of a placement, by enhancing the recall of the brand. It is thus necessary to consider a global approach integrating the various creative techniques of placement. † Three Things I Liked First of all, the topic was interesting to me because I can relate my own experiences to it. For instance, I have seen a few James Bond movies, and what I love mostly about them is the cars. When I think of James Bond, I think of an Aston Martin V12 Vanquish, a dream car of mine only because of the film James Bond 007- Die Another Day. Obviously, the product placement caught my attention, like it did to most of the sample of college students in Africa that were being studied, and was memorable to me, since I’m still talking about it today, even though I saw the film about 5 years ago. Another thing I liked was the study about audio-visual seeming to make the biggest impact on product memorization. I agree with this conclusion because while searching for a movie clip online of my favorite moment of the James Bond 007 Aston Martin V12 Vanquish, I stumbled onto the wrong clip. I didn’t even remember the part when James Bond’s assistant introduces him to the Vanquish. Based upon research done, the article tells me why: because there was no sound to go along with it. The only part of the movie (or actually, the car) I remember was a very noisy moment full of engine revs and tire squeals. I also liked the study they did on emotion influencing memory, and agree with it also. I can remember when I saw the James Bond movie at the theater, and the feeling I had while watching James Bond drive the Aston Martin on a sheet of ice during a high-speed chase. I was scared, nervous, excited, and my adrenaline was pumping. Immediately after the scene, I turned to my boyfriend and asked â€Å"What kind of car was that? † because I knew it belonged on my dream list. To this day, when someone asks me what my dream car is, I say â€Å"An Aston Martin V12 Vanquish. † I’ve never seen the movie again, but that car, and the feeling I had when I saw it has stayed with me. A few minutes ago, when I went to YouTube and did a search for the â€Å"007 ice chase† I eventually got the right clip; the one that gave me that feeling of excitement. I was surprised, and a little disappointed that I didn’t get the same feeling. Actually, I’m thinking of changing my dream car now, because I don’t think it’s quite as attractive as I remembered it being. This raises a question that I didn’t see research done on in the article: What are the benefits of product placement in an international film vs. an international commercial. I’ve seen some pretty in-depth, action-packed car commercials, but none of them have managed to persuade me to let go of my first dream car, the Aston Martin. Why is that? Is it because there isn’t enough time for a commercial to spark that kind of height of emotion in me? Or maybe because I view commercials as being annoying (except for Super Bowl commercials; those I like because it gives me something to look forward to during the game). Maybe it’s just the whole experience of being in a movie theater, with that special someone, and being surrounded by loud â€Å"Vrooms! †, and hearing others’ reactions to the movie that just can’t be captured by watching a commercial. I don’t know, but I think these researcher guys are onto something! What I Didn’t Like Like I said before, I would have liked for them to compare the effect of international commercials and the effect of international films because maybe there is a way to get create enough emotion in a short 120 second commercial if it’s in a language not native to the viewers. I would also like to know about the similarities and differences between the effectiveness of product placement in an international film and one that is native if there are any. Question According to Khalbous and Maazaul, high scores of recall of the products placed in the James Bond film were obtained for what reasons? How to cite Statistical Literature Review and Critique of Empirical Article, Essays

Synthesizing Supply Chain Systems Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Synthesizing Supply Chain Systems Strategy. Answer: Introduction This study deals with strategic information systems. In this particular assignment, proper emphasis has been given on illustrating the various types of software applications that are used by business concerns such as WiseTech Global that is based in Australia (Willcocks 2013). WiseTech Global is one of the innovative and multi-award winning global developers of cloud-based software solutions for the domestic logistics as well as international industries. WiseTech Global has more than 6000 customers across 7000 sites in more than 125 countries. It is the software solutions that are renowned for their powerful productivity, deep compliance capabilities as well as comprehensive integration and extensive functionality Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). The current paper introduces the company WiseTech Global who should use MYOB software solutions to their potential client base. Furthermore, the present segment explains various challenges that are encountered by the users of accounti ng software as well as importance of selecting the most relevant accounting software for the business after understanding the advantages and disadvantages at the same time (Whittington 2014). There are various types of accounting packages that are used by business firms and depends upon meeting the business requirements of the business in and across Australia. Addition to that, personal accounting software are mainly used by small business where home users are simple and it is inexpensive with simple operations like handling budgets (Stair and Reynolds 2013). There is low-end software especially for small business that has the potential for serving small domestic market. Furthermore, there is mid-marketing accounting software that is mainly utilized by Business Corporation with large scale of business. Therefore, this software has the ability for catering to the needs of multiple domestic accounting standards as well as principles that enhances the accounting in given currencies Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). Accounting software is one of the software application software that records as well as process accounting transactions within functional modules like payroll, accounts receivable, payroll, accounts payable, trial as well as general ledger. It functions like an accounting information system (Shapiro and Varian 2013). This will be developed by an organization through purchase from a third-party or combining of third-party application software package with local modifications. Therefore, accounting software may be online based that is accessed everywhere. Accounting software companies uses accounting software paid for on a monthly recurring charge instead of an upfront license fee (Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). Current Organizational Structure WiseTech Global was founded in the year 1994 and operated in Sydney, Australia. The company is one of the leading international logistics industries in technology innovation. The company operates in offices in countries such as Australia, China, United Kingdom, United States as well as China and New Zealand (Rainer et al. 2013). The company acts as an innovator where they use software as well as hardware for solving problems and creating new ways of working and living. The company uses latest software tools as well as best hardware platforms by delivering solutions that make significant difference to customers, staff members, partners as well as shareholders in a logistics industry (Hirschheim, Heinzl and Dibbern 2013). By using the hierarchical organizational structure by WiseTech Global, they face various organizational problems. The organizational problem involves communication across different sections can be poor in case of horizontal communication. WiseTech Global can be bureaucratic and respond slowly that changes the customer needs as well as market within which the business operates (Par et al. 2015). By using organizational structure, departments can make decisions that get benefits rather than the business as a whole. Accounting software packages Intuit Quick Books is one of the popular accounting software packages that are mainly adopted by small enterprises that are based in Australia. It is used for tracking the profit figures as well as costs and income of the business enterprise. MYOB is one of the accounting software that is used in Australia that mainly performs additional functions rather than simple functioning as accounting software (Hirschheim, Heinzl and Dibbern 2013). Addition to that, MYOB was initially developed for various accounting features. This accounting software will assist the proprietors of business enterprises for boosting the profitability as well as arriving at successful business decisions in order to gain real time view of the pecuniary operations of business organization. Reckon is other accounting software that is used by Australian firms. It helps in providing high quality accounting software for the business enterprise firms that is based in Australia. This particular accounting software rende rs affordable cloud accounting software for SMEs in and across Australia (Gorla and Somers 2014). Therefore, the accounting software provides a platform that has a platform where Reckon Pay as it helps in receiving debit or credit of card bills through means of cell phones. Preparing a system flowchart of the sales procedures for the company WiseTech Global Activities Sales Process Introducing as well as designing of new process Research Management Security and Information access level identification Knowledge Management Optimizing as well as improving existing process Move Order Procurement Defining as well as structuring existing process Network Deployment Organization Development New Employee Introduction Project Management and Control Redistributing functions within the Departments Removing Accounting functions from warehouse function from sales and warehouse Control problems in the system and what sorts of fraud are possible in the system At WiseTech Global, there are certain frauds that are recognized in the current accounting system. Employee Fraud is one of the significant problems that are faced by WiseTech Global of all types, sizes as well as location and industries (Galliers and Leidner 2014). There are various frauds that is committed by employees. According to research, it shows that typical organization loses 5% of its annual revenue every year because of employee fraud. It is necessary to prevent as well as detect this loss as soon as possible. WiseTech Global should have a plan for preventing the fraud by implementing accounting software such as MYOB so that fraud is reduced (Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). There has been current development present in the accounting software packages where business firms makes payments based on the level of commitment in terms of payment to clients through rendering exhaustic invoice prints that are actually automatically generated by using the software (Galegher, Kraut and Egido 2014). In that case, software for accounting are mainly developed in proper manner where the software help in delivering high standard solutions to diverse scale business concerns. Furthermore, it is necessary to involve in huge development that has been attained in area where it can provide proper security procedures as well as systems of software especially for accounting for making the data secure and dependable at the same time. Therefore, the developers actually makes the packages easy for utilizing the software packages that involve more clients for making use of further dispensation in an effective way (Cassidy 2016). In such cases, packages of software accounting after proper improvement and growth are majorly utilized by the business that is based in Australia. Addition to that, there have been acquiring of cloud applications that are adopted by different firms based in Australia. It is noted that software accounting are been taken by business holders where are software are less expensive and many effective uses at the same time (Burrough et al. 2015). On the contrary, it is also been criticized by some of the clients in the beginning when it takes into consideration the security concerns aligning with the technological development. In that case, people started evaluating the software that are designed as well as developed by the originators of Australia. The accounting software is considered as one of the important software that is important for management of data after arriving at better outcomes (Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). From the reports that are presented by MYOB for the period 2015, MYOB is exceptionally voted by small enterprises as it is simple software that employs various bookkeeping data structure (Boonstra 2013). Furthermore, MYOB has been designed as an accounting mechanism that is easy to utilize as well as time-saving where it help to keep financial budgetary reports in accordance to the commitments as well as financial procedures. The progression of the MYOB software is empowered by the possible of MYOB Corporation as it merges with the various trade concerns in the area. Hence, adopting the accounting software will help in enhancing the execution of an item that is utilized as a fraction of Australia (Baskerville and Wood-Harper 2016). MYOB system of accounting can be utilized by more than 26000 medium business medium business enterprises as well as reflects upon 142000 that is 60% of all business concerns in the market of Australia. It is more than 20% customers of the commercial business enterprise that utilize mainly for uploading programs as well as attaching price is around 40% (Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). Identification of leaders in the market and what is the competitive advantage The use of MYOB accounting software is preferable in both small as well as medium sized business enterprise that is based in Australia. It is understood that SMEs are now the leaders in the country such as Australia (Hirschheim, Heinzl and Dibbern 2013). The leaders actually use accounting software for generating a steady environment of business. XERO is other leader of accounting software that is a leading issuer of accounting software packages in a given market section that indicate a huge share of the entire firm that is based on Australia. Furthermore, XERO has third party package of solutions that assimilate with the online platform. This accounting software permits small agencies for undertaking incorporated business that is customized for industries (Hirschheim, Heinzl and Dibbern 2013). MYOB is accounting software that helps in gaining competitive advantage as well as edge over the players. This accounting software should be used by WiseTech Global as the software has the ability to interface the platform that acts both online and offline. Hence, MYOB has mostly inspired SMEs that is located in Australia for gaining the competitive advantage with other layers functioning in the market (Hirschheim, Heinzl and Dibbern 2013). Identifying the current gaps or challenges encountered by users or customers of accounting software or packages The leading software as well as application packages is mainly cloud-based and difficult for transferring to cloud-based in case of WiseTech Global. One of the major concerns that need to be taken into consideration is linked to the security of various records that is one of the critical elements in WiseTech Global. The online content that is present within WiseTech Global might be prone to hack, fraud and threat where it needs excessive level of security adaptation. Furthermore, it is noted that software packages like MYOB and XERO is subjected to diverse security concerns. Around 46% MYOB applications gets affected by hacking. Use of this software package needs training to the staff members of the business enterprise who perform practical course of action (Hirschheim, Heinzl and Dibbern 2013). Therefore, WiseTech Global fails to gain benefits out of the online accounting system because the company does not have qualified personnel. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that it is necessary to understand various types of software applications that are utilized in business concerns that are essential for accounting in and across the Australia. Addition to that, there are several accounting software from which WiseTech Global can select the best appropriate one. From the above analysis, it is noted that current study provides proper insights of information on history, development and adoption of software applications for accounting in reference to WiseTech Global. MYOB and XERO are two accounting softwares can be used by business enterprise. 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